Universal efficiency and gain computations for high‐gain free‐electron‐laser amplifiers

Using Sustainability Engineering to Gain Universal Sustainability Efficiency

The present article is an attempt to perceive the universal sustainability observable in an individual country or region, where the religious, political, social-demographic, economic, environmental, creative, technological and investment subsystems are revealed not only through the vitality of spiritual and material existence media, but rather through the signs of the development of these subsy...

Equivalent Gain Analysis for Nonlinear Operational Amplifiers*

For low-voltage, low-power circuit design, the linear model for operational amplifiers is insufficient to accurately predict the static and dynamic behavior of the circuit. This paper introduces a nonlinear model for operational amplifiers based on amplifiers’ DC transfer characteristic. By using this nonlinear model, the behavior of an operational amplifier with feedback network can be describ...

GAIN AND BANDWIDTH BOOSTINq TECHNIQUES FOR HIGH-SPEED OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

CMOS continuous-time and switched-capacitor filters which operate at high frequencies with high Quality factor Q are difficult to realize. The finite gain and tlie fulite bandwidth of the integrator amplifiers are the main limitation. This paper describes two techniques to siniultaneously increase bandwidth. transconductance. and DC-gain of an amplifier without changing the excess bias or the p...

Gain and bandwidth boosting techniques for high-speed operational amplifiers

CMOS continuous-time and switched-capacitor filters which operate at high frequencies with high Quality factor Q are difficult to realize. The finite gain and the finite bandwidth of the integrator amplifiers are the main limitation. This paper describes two techniques to simultaneously increase bandwidth, transconductance, and DC-gain of an amplifier without changing the excess bias or the pow...

Field Solutions for Bidirectional High-Gain Laser Amplifiers and Oscillators